中考记叙文的考点

1、中考记叙文的考点_中考记叙文写作指导

纵观中考所考记叙文，都具有以下特点：思想内容健康，有较强的道德导引性;语言优美，情感真挚;记叙文的文体特点突出，规范典型。

Throughout the narrative of the entrance examination, the following characteristics have the following characteristics: healthy and healthy, strong moral guidance; beautiful language and sincere emotions; the style characteristics of narratives are outstanding and standardized.

其考察角度有以下几点：

There are the following points of its inspection angle:

1、考查对文章的整体感知和理解。

1. Examine the overall perception and understanding of the article.

这种考题主要是考查考生是否读懂了文章的内涵，是否对文章记叙的中心了然于心。其文题的设置常与文章的标题结合在一起。如2003年重庆市题《生命中不能承受之痛》的第一题为：本文所说的“生命中不能承受的痛”具体指什么事?概括全文内容回答。又如2003年武汉市题《一桩奇特的诉讼案》的第一题为：这桩诉讼案原因“奇特”在哪里?第二题为：用精练而明确的语言概括本文主旨。以上所举三题均为最为常见的考查对文章整体感知和理解的命题形式。这种问题的本质其实是要探寻文章记叙的事件的核心。

This kind of test question is mainly to examine whether the candidates have understood the connotation of the article and whether the center of the article narrative is clear.The setting of its text is often combined with the title of the article.For example, the first question of the Chongqing City title "The Pain in Life" in 2003 is: What is the specific thing about "the pain that cannot be affordable in life" mentioned in this article? Summary the full text answer.Another example is the first question of the 2003 Wuhan City Title "A Strange Litigation Case": Where is the cause of this lawsuit?The above three questions are the most common forms of proposition forms of the overall perception and understanding of the article.The essence of this problem is actually the core of the event narrative.

( 教师应对学生做如下指导：对于这样的问题最好不要急于作出回答。虽然这种问题常在前两题中出现。但在做题时不妨先从其他题目入手，而把这种问题放在最后。在读透文章的基础上理清文章的脉络，找出文章的线索，弄懂文章题目的表面含义和内在含义，然后进行语言组织，完成答案。)

(Teachers should do the following guidance: It is best not to rush to answer such questions. Although this kind of problem often appears in the previous two questions. However, when doing questions, you may start with other questions and put this question on this question on this question.Finally. On the basis of reading the article, we can clarify the context of the article, find the clues of the article, understand the surface meaning and internal meaning of the article title, and then perform the language organization to complete the answer.)

2、 考查对文章重点词句的理解。

2. Examine the understanding of the key words and sentences of the article.

这种考题主要是考查考生对文章个别词句的理解能力。一般情况下，这些考查的词句在文中都有其特定的含义，考生在解释时要注意灵活运用，要符合文章的语言环境。典型考题如2003年新疆乌鲁木齐市题《星期一早晨的奇迹》的第一题为：请根据语言环境，解释文中两个加点词的意义。2003年重庆市题《生命中不能承受之痛》的第三题为：爸爸“读懂了女儿通过手掌传递给他的语言”，女儿“语言”的具体含义是?2003年江苏省盐城市题《牵着母亲过马路》中第一题为：第(1)段中写“年近花甲的母亲喜不自禁”，第(7)段中写“母亲的眼中闪过惊喜”。母亲为什么喜不自禁?母亲为什么眼里闪过惊喜?这几道题或针对词语或针对句子设计题目，要求考生进行正确理解。这些词和句子一般来说都是理解文章内涵的关键部分。

This kind of test question is mainly to examine the candidates' ability to understand the individual words and sentences of the article.Under normal circumstances, these exams have their specific meanings in the text. Candidates should pay attention to flexibly when explaining, and meet the language environment of the article.Typical test questions, such as the first question of the Urumqi title "Monday morning" in Urumqi, Xinjiang in 2003: Please explain the meaning of two words in the text according to the language environment.In 2003, the third question of the Chongqing City title "The Pain in Life Can't withstand" is: Dad "read the language passed to him by the daughter through the palm of the hand", the specific meaning of the daughter's "language" is?The first title in "Learing the Mother Crossing the Road" is: (1) in the paragraph, "The mother who is nearly a flower is not forbidden", and the (7) section of the (7) wrote "the mother's eyes flashed in surprise".Why can't the mother be embarrassed? Why did the mother flash in her eyes? These questions may be required to understand the correct understanding of words or designs for sentences or sentences.These words and sentences are generally a key part of the connotation of the article.

(教师对学生的指导：做这类题目要把握一个准则：词不离句，句不离段，段不离文。也就是说解释词语和句子都必须回到文章中去，在词语和句子所在的特定语言环境中进行理解。决不可望文生义，随意揣测。做题步骤是(1)看清题干要求，锁定词句。(2)回到文中，还原词句位置。(3)划定语言环境，前后勾连，综合信息。(4)组织语言，完成答案。)

(Teachers' guidance to students: To do this kind of topic must grasp a guideline: the words are inseparable, the sentence is inseparable, and the paragraph is inseparable. That is to say, the words and sentences must be returned to the article.Understand in the language environment. Never be expected to be Wen Shengyi, and speculate at will. The step of the question is (1) to see the requirements of the question and lock the words. (2) return to the text and the location of the word., Comprehensive information. (4) Organize language and complete the answer.)

3、 考查对文章描写手法的掌握。

3. Examine the mastering of the description of the article.

对于记叙文而言，描写手法的运用是其最为重要的写作特点。一般来说，凡考记叙文阅读，描写手法大多是必考内容。所以考生必须将动作、语言、心理、神态、环境描写的特征熟记于心。对这几种描写手法的作用也要牢牢记住。典型考题如2003年陕西省题《最美的眼神》中第四题是：在塑造雒老师形象时，本文运用了什么描写手法?2003年我市试题《担子》第四题为：文章开头部分的景物描写有什么作用?2003年河南省题《选择》第一题为：第(6)段中划线句子属于——描写，表现了父亲——————的心理。这几道题考查的都是最常用的描写方法，对这样的题目，考生要争取获取满分。

For narrative, the use of description techniques is its most important writing characteristics.Generally speaking, the reading method of all tests is mostly required.Therefore, candidates must remember the characteristics of action, language, psychology, expression, and environment description.The role of these description techniques must also be firmly remembered.Typical test questions, such as the fourth question in the 2003 Shaanxi Province title "The Most Beautiful Eyes": What description techniques were used in this article when shaping the image of the teacher?What is the role of scene descriptions? In 2003, the first question of Henan Province "Selection" is: (6) The line in the paragraph (6) belongs to the description, which shows the psychology of his father —————————These questions are examined by the most commonly used descriptions. For such topics, candidates must strive for full scores.

(教师对学生的指导：做这类题目，只需把握一点。那就是准确区分各种描写手法，特 别要注意心理描写与语言描写的区别。此外各种描写的作用要记牢，并且要注意结合文章具体内容来回答其作用。)

(Teachers' guidance to students: Do this kind of topic, just grasp one point. That is to accurately distinguish various description techniques, and pay special attention to the difference between psychological description and language description. In additionCombining the specific content of the article to answer its role.)

4、 考查对文章修辞运用的理解与作用。

4. Examine the understanding and role of the use of articles rhetoric.

修辞运用在记叙文中必不可少，修辞运用得好，可以使文章更生动，更形象，使文章更富有表现力。修辞有两种，一是词语的铸炼，二是比喻、排比、拟人等修辞手法的运用。这两项内容都是中考记叙文阅读的重要考查内容。如2003年海南省题《母亲的纯净水》的第三题为：在“如果她把它看作是一件丑陋的衣衫，那么它就真的遮住了心灵的光芒”这句话中，有人说可以将“丑陋”改为“丑恶”。你认为可不可以?请说明理由。2003年河南省题《今晚入梦》第一题为：第(2)段中作者把————比喻为“祥和的云光”，这个比喻形象的表现了————。2003年山西省题《捅马蜂窝》的第七题为：文中加“─——”的句子用了比喻，结合文章理解其运用的妙处。从以上几体可以看出，中考语文记叙文阅读对修辞的考查难度并不大，修辞手法多集中在比喻等最常见的形式上。

The use of rhetoric is essential in narrative. The rhetoric is well used, which can make the article more vivid, more vivid, and make the article more expressive. There are two types of rhetoric, one is the casting of words, and the other is the use of rhetoric such as metaphor, row ratio, and anthropomorphic. Both of these contents are important examination content for the reading of the Chinese Entrance Examination. For example, the third title of the 2003 Hainan Province title "Mother's Pure Purit" is: "If she sees it as an ugly shirt, then it really covers the light of the soul", Some people say that "ugly" can be changed to "ugly". Do you think it is possible? Please explain the reason. In 2003, the first question of Henan Province "Dream Tonight" is: (2) the author in paragraph (2) the author of the author — metaphorical as "peaceful clouds and light", this metaphorical manifestation of the image —————. In 2003, the seventh title of the Shanxi Provincial Title "Horse Honeycomb" was: The sentence of "----" in the article was used to understand the beauty of its use in combination with the article. From the above, it can be seen that the reading of the Chinese exams of the Chinese Entrance Examination is not difficult to read the rhetoric, and the rhetoric methods are mostly concentrated in the most common forms such as metaphors.

( 教师对学生的指导：辨析词语的修辞效果要注意分析词语的意义、色彩、轻重、词性等，既要分析其不同之处，又要分析其相同之处，更要分析出为什么要用这个词。至于分析修辞手法的表达效果首先要掌握修辞手法的常规作用，比如比喻的表达作用一般是可以使文章表达更生动、形象，排比的表达作用主要是可以增强语言的表达力度，加强语言的气势。其次要具体结合文章内容具体说明怎样更形象了，怎样有气势了。)

(Teachers' guidance to students: The rhetoric effect of identifying words should be paid attention to analyzing the meaning, color, severity, and word nature of the words.Words. As for the expression of the expression of rhetoric techniques, we must first master the conventional role of rhetoric. For example, the expression of metaphorical expression can generally make the article expression more vivid and vivid.Momentum. Secondly, it is necessary to specifically combine the content of the article to explain how to be more image and how to have momentum.)

5、 考查对文章思路的把握。

5. Examine the grasp of articles ideas.

检验考生是否对文章的内容掌握了，最好的办法就是让考生将叙述的过程写出来，也就是理出文章的脉络。中考中此类考题比较常见，如2003年山西省考题《捅马蜂窝》的第二题为：围绕捅马蜂窝这件事，作者精心安排的思路是：————“我”捅马蜂窝————后院又有了马蜂窝。2003年山东威海市题《智慧的美丽》的第二题为：读完全文，请你用恰当的词语说明“我”的情感(心理)变化。( )——( )——( )----(流泪)。2003年北京市题《月是故乡明》的第一题为：作者在第4、5段中追忆了那些童年趣事?请按先后顺序填写，( )——(捉知了)——()——()——()。

The best way to test the content of the article is to let the candidate write the narrative process, that is, the context of the article.Such test questions in the middle school entrance examination are relatively common. For example, the second question of the 2003 Shanxi Provincial Examination questions "The Horse Honeycomb" is: The idea of the author's careful arrangement around the horseshion honeycomb is: —————— "I" stubborn honeycomb ————————— There is a honeycomb again in the backyard.In 2003, the second title of "The Beauty of Wisdom" in Weihai City, Shandong was: Read the full text, please use the appropriate words to explain the emotional (psychological) change of "I".()-()-() ---- (crying).In 2003, the first question of the Beijing title "The Moon is the Hometown" was: the author recalled those childhood interests in paragraph 4 and 5?- () - ().

(教师对学生的指导 ：做此类题从两点入手，一是读透文章内容，弄清所叙事件的开端、发展、高潮、结局。二是充分利用题目所给的提示结合文章内容进行前后推理。在上面几例中，需要学生填写的只是整个思路的一部分，学生应根据已知信息结合文章内容进行推断。)

(Teachers' guidance to students: Starting from two points to do this kind of question, one is to read the content of the article and clarify the beginning, development, orgasm, and ending of the narrative events.In front and back reasoning. In the above examples, only part of the whole idea is required for students. Students should be inferred according to the content of the known information combined with the content of the article.)

6、考查学生知识迁移的能力与创新的能力。

6. Test the ability and innovation of students' knowledge migration.

近年的中考题中，为适应新课标的要求，在阅读题中出现了大量的开放性试题。这些题目或引导考生对文章进行深入思考，或启发考生运用已有知识进行创新写作。可以说，这种考题现在已成为各地命题的首选形式。在2003年的考题中，这种开放性的试题屡见不鲜。如2003年上海市题《成全一棵树》的第4题为：第17段写道：“他百感交集。”如果你是一个戏剧或电影的编剧，请你为他设计一段独白。2003年江苏盐城市题《牵着母亲过马路》的第6题为：这篇文章写得很感人，(1)你认为最使自己感动的内容是什么?(2)你受到了什么启发或教育?(能恰当引用古诗文、语言优美者可另加1-2分)。200年陕西省题《最美的眼神》的第5题为：读完这篇文章后，你最想对老师说些什么?请写出你想说的话来。

In recent years, in order to meet the requirements of the new curriculum standards, a large number of open test questions have appeared in the reading questions.These topics or guidance candidates think deeply about the article, or inspire candidates to use existing knowledge for innovative writing.It can be said that this type of test has now become the preferred form of propositions in various places.In the 2003 test questions, this open test question is common.For example, in 2003, the fourth question of the Shanghai title "The All -Tree" was: Section 17: "He intersects." If you are a screenwriter of a drama or movie, please design a monologue for him.In 2003, the 6th question of the Jiangsu Yancheng City title "Learing the Mother Crossing the Road" is: This article is very touching, (1) What do you think is the most moved?Education (can be appropriately quoted with ancient poems and beautiful language, you can add 1-2 points).The fifth question of the 200 years of Shaanxi Province "The Most Beautiful Eyes" is: After reading this article, what do you want to say to the teacher most? Please write what you want to say.

( 教师对学生的指导：开放性试题要用开放的眼光来对待。首先，做这类题不可循规蹈矩，只要不逾越提干的要求，尽可以畅所欲言。其次这类题目想象性较强，考生要根据要求大胆想象，如上面第一例就必须围绕“百感交集”展开想象，何谓“百感”?兴奋、愉悦、苦涩、痛苦等等都有才是百感。写作时就不能只写一种感受。再者，这类题目最讲究个性，讲究语言。在写作是要把自己平时的阅读储备发掘出来，写出文采，写出个性，写出独特。上面第二例中明确指出“能恰当引用古诗文、语言优美者可另加1-2分”，其目的就是要考生尽其所能，考出水平。)

(Teachers' guidance to students: Open test questions should be treated with open eyes. First of all, do such questions cannot follow the rules, as long as the requirements of not crossing the job, you can speak as much as possible. SecondBold imagination according to the requirements, if the first case above must be carried out around the "percentage intersection", what is "percentage"? Excalities, joy, bitterness, pain, etc. are talented. You can't just write one feeling when writing.Furthermore, this kind of topic is most particular about personality and language. In writing, we must discover your usual reading reserves, write literary talents, write personality, and write unique.Those with beautiful texts and language can be added with 1-2 points. The purpose is to do what candidates can do their best and take the level.)